ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. It has negative effects on the patients' quality of life, and their productivity, and results in a high economic burden on the healthcare services. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic constipation and its associated factors in pars cohort study [PCS]
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the baseline data of the PCS. Data gathering was done by structured questionnaire and physical examination. A total of 9264 subjects aged between 40 and 75 years were enrolled in the PCS. Diagnosis of chronic constipation was done using Rome IV criteria. Multivariable binary logistic regression was applied for data analysis
Results: A total of 752 [8.1%] participants were diagnosed as having chronic constipation [9.3% of female and 6.7% of male participants]. Older age [OR: 1.55, 95% CI:1.31-1.83], physical activity [OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.46-0.68], opium consumption [OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.63-2.60] , anxiety [OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15-1.65], depression [OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01-1.48], back pain or arthralgia [OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.14-1.67], insomnia [OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.36-1.93] and gastroesophageal reflux disease [OR: 1.51, 95% CI :1.28-1.78] were associated with the prevalence of constipation in the multivariable analysis
Conclusion: Chronic constipation was a common problem in the PCS population. Decreasing modifiable risk factors associated with constipation such as opium consumption and physical inactivity can reduce its prevalence and decrease burden of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective [s]: Studies have shown that environment has a meaningful effect on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. One of the important environmental factors is place of living. This study conducted to estimates health related quality of life of diabetic patients based on their place of living
Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis. We used data from a national cross sectional study conducted in 2006 using random cluster sampling. Data were collected by face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. We analyzed s data on health related quality of life [HRQoL] by gender and patient's residency. Mean values of HRQoL were calculated for each province and then compared with other provinces by statistical tests including ANOVA and distance based classifying methods
Results: Comparison of mean values showed that HRQoL were highest in the Qom, Semnan and Gilan, and were lowest in Kerman, Yazd and Ardabil, respectively. HRQoL was significantly differed between provinces at 0.05 levels
Conclusion: The findings confirm the meaningful differences in HRQoL among diabetic patients living in different provinces. It remains to investigate about such observations. This might help to implement a better care for this population living in different places
ABSTRACT
Spontaneous preterm labor is one of the common obstetrics problems causing several physical, psychological and economical outcomes. Although due to these outcomes and the efficacy of cares for decreasing them, preterm labor screening is cost-effective and it is still one of the challenging issues in obstetrics. In this study preterm labor screening by using cervical transvaginal sonography was evaluated. This observational cohort study was performed in Yazd, Iran. Samples were selected from pregnant women at gestational age of 21-24 weeks who had single live fetus and referred to the obstetrics clinics of two selected hospitals in Yazd. Gestational age was estimated based on the sonography of the first trimester and cervical length measured by transvaginal sonography. Data analysis was done by using t and x2 test as well as ANOVA. Statistical significant level was considered as p<0.05. From 450 participants, 47 cases had preterm labor and 6 cases had positive funneling. Mean age of women with term labor was 26.09 +/- 4.13 years and that of women with preterm labor was 26.7 +/- 3.51 years [p=0.334]. Duration of pregnancy and cervical length significantly differed between women with and without funneling [p=0.001]. The sensitivity and specificity of screening based on cervical length of 25mm were 55.5% [50.9-60.1%] and 93.6% [91.2-96%] respectively. Based on the results of the present study, transvaginal ultrasound assessment of cervical length in low risk women has an acceptable reliability for screening of preterm labor
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cervix Uteri/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Pregnancy , Mass Screening , Cohort Studies , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of optimism with mental health and the affectivity of optimism training on mental health and its components on Yazd University students. Fifty new students of the 2008-2009 academic years were randomly selected. The General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-28] and the optimism scale were completed by them. Thirty persons of these students, who had the highest psychological problems based on the general health questionnaire, were divided into two case and control groups through random assignment. The case group was trained for one month, in two 90-minute sessions per week. Pre-tests and follow-up tests were performed in both groups. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that optimism had a negative and significant relationship with mental health, anxiety, social function, and depression scores [p< 0.0001]. However, no significant relationship was seen with somatic symptoms [p >0.005]. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that optimism training had significant impact on mental health and its components in the case group, compared with the control group [p< 0.0001]. In general, the findings of this research suggest the relationship between optimism and mental health and the effectiveness of optimism training on mental health. This method can be used to treat and prevent mental health problems.
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus [DM] affects multiple aspects of life in a diabetic patient. These influences does not take two much attention in the health system. The Persian version of quality of life assessment tools in these patients is not checked. The aim of this study was to examine the normative data and some of the psychometric properties of the Persian version of quality of life questionnaire in patients with diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population. Subjects were DM patients who were referred to health centers of Isfahan city [Iran] in 2007. A total number of 120 diabetic patients were selected through stratified randomized sampling as well as equal number of matched control subjects. A demographic questionnaire, diabetes quality of life [DQOL] and WHO- quality of life [WHO-QOL] tools were administered to both groups. The total mean score of QOL was relatively low in DM patients except for the domains of worries. Using the chronbach's alpha test, the reliability of the whole questionnaire and its subscales were determined to be 0.89 and 0.51 to 0.84, respectively. Also each question showed an internal positive consistency whit the whole questionnaire except for the 8th question of the effects domain [r=-0.21]. The correlation co-efficient of co-administration of the two questionnaires and their subscales were 0.63 0.60, 0.39 and 1.18 to 3.37, respectively. The cut-off point was determined to be 2.06 based on the analysis of differentiations. The factor analysis was using the major elements and Varimax Rotation resulted in 6 factors. Our findings showed that the DQOL has proper normative data and psychometric properties in our samples. This questionnaire can be used in confidence by the health centers of Iran
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of proactive personality in entrepreneurial intentions and career success. This study was a descriptive-correlatal research. The statistical population of the study was all the personnel's Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were been selected from which a sample of 308 employees randomly. The questionnaires of this research were Proactive Personality Scale [PPS], Shapero and Crant's Entrepreneurship Intentions Scale, Career Satisfaction's Scale and Jackson's Personality Research Form for assessing need for achievement. Data were analyzed by applying with SPSS and stepwise and hierarchical regressions. Results showed that R-square was 0.24; it means that 24 percent of variances between control variables and entrepreneurial intentions are common, and when proactive personality are added to regression it increased to 0.3, thus the pure relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions was 0.06 and it was significant [P < 0.0001]. Also, the pure relationship between proactive personality and subjective career success was 0.02 and it was significant [P < 0.004], and the pure relationship between proactive personality and objective career success was approximately 0.01 and it was significant too [P < 0.028]. This research shows that proactive personality has very important relationship with individual and environmental variables and though it could be helpful for performance and promotions of organizational goals
Subject(s)
Humans , Entrepreneurship , Allied Health Personnel , UniversitiesABSTRACT
The present study was planned to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy emphasized on religious believes to relieve psychological problems of wives of martyrs and veterans. In a double-blind clinical trial in Zahedan city, south-eastern part of Iran during 2008-9, 60 individuals from wives of martyrs and veterans who had obtained abnormal General Health Questionnaire-28 [GHQ-28] scores and their anxiety and depression had been proved through a clinical interview, were selected by accessible sampling method and randomly divided to three equal groups. The first, the second and the third groups received 8 sessions of classical cognitive-behavioral therapy, 8 sessions of Islamic oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy and no intervention respectively. The study instruments included GHQ-28 and Dysfunction Attitude Scale, which were executed for each subject at the baseline and after the interventions. The scores were analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method. There were significant differences of scores between three groups [P<0.01]. Although there were significant differences of improvement scores of two cases groups in comparison with control group [both with P<0.01], but there was no significant difference between scores of two cases groups [P>0.05]. The findings exhibited that cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasized on islamic approach bears the same effects of classical behavioral therapy